Edward O. Thorp
Invented card counting, wrote Beat the Dealer
American
Won $15 million without counting cards
Don Johnson is not a card counter—he's something arguably more clever. With a background in horse racing and gambling mathematics, Johnson understood that the edge in casino games comes not just from the cards but from the rules and conditions under which they're played. This insight led to one of the most remarkable winning streaks in gambling history.
Between December 2010 and April 2011, Johnson won approximately $15 million from three Atlantic City casinos: $6 million from Borgata, $5 million from Caesars, and $4 million from Tropicana. He achieved this without counting cards, through a combination of negotiated advantages and perfect play.
Johnson's genius was in negotiation. He convinced casinos to offer him extraordinary conditions: 20% rebates on losses, favorable rules including dealer standing on soft 17, and the ability to bet up to $100,000 per hand. Combined with perfect basic strategy and optimal betting, these conditions gave Johnson a mathematical edge over the house.
Johnson's approach demonstrated that modern casino comp systems had created new vulnerabilities. By understanding how casinos calculated theoretical loss and structured rebates, he showed that skilled negotiators could gain genuine advantages without any traditional advantage play techniques.
Don Johnson's winning streak made international headlines and was featured in Atlantic Monthly and 60 Minutes. Casinos quickly revised their rebate programs to prevent similar exploitation. His story proved that in the modern casino industry, the biggest edges might come from business negotiations rather than card counting.